• what are mutations?
• transposons

causes of mutations

• mutagens
• spontaneous mutagens
• induced mutagens

point mutations (small scale)

• what are they?
• single nucleotide polymorphism
• silent mutations
• missense mutations
• nonsense mutations
• frameshift mutations

chromosomal mutations (large scale)

• why would these mutations happen?
• how do they differ from small scale mutations?
• deletion
• duplication
• inversion
• translocation